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The Taste of Here Ames farm revolutionizes the gathering of honey, to flabbergasting effect
Busier than 16 hives of bees? Yep, and Brian Fredericksen has the honey to prove it
by Dara Moskowitz November 3, 2004
http://www.citypages.com/databank/25/1248/article12630.asp
What was it like to live in Minnesota last summer? I mean, not counting
the experience of the people, the politics, or the cars. What was it
like to live under the sky, with the rain and the flowers?
That wind, you remember it, it came sometimes from the south
and was wet, but it usually blew from the west and was clear. Our sky,
it was blue and brilliant some days, gray and cold others; why,
sometimes it was striped with marshmallow bands, and other days it was
piled miles high with majestic mountains of purple-shadowed cumulus.
And what of the flowers, the spikes of blue vervain in the marshes, the
orchidlike profusion of white faces in the basswoods, the little
puffballs of clover in the meadow. Don't forget the rain. Spitty and
cold in April; warm, fat, and violent in August, how would you express
our rain? What was it like, to live in our world?
If you feel like there's no possible way of answering that question, I
have a suggestion: Try some Ames Farm honey. This honey, this honey
says our life, says our natural life as only nature can say it,
expressed through honeybees.
Sample some of these Ames Farms honeys and you learn: Here is the taste
of two weeks in a particular grove of soaring basswood trees digging
their roots into the sheltered floodplains of the Minnesota River
Valley. Here is the flavor of a month in the life of a stand of
gnarled, wind-twisted horse chestnut trees living by the Blue Earth
River. Here is the essence of a scrubby and scrappy stand of red sumac
soaking up the sun out by Parley Lake, near the town of St. Boni. And
the aforementioned are merely three from the six hundred individual
bottlings of honey produced at Ames Farm over the course of a
spring-to-fall honey vintage.
Yes, I said six hundred. Six hundred different flavors of here. Six
hundred different postcards from where. It has often been said of our
modern world that it suffers because there is no there there. Here is
an antidote, because in this honey, there is nothing but here here.
For example, I am right now looking at six different jars of Ames Farm
honey, and each is a different color, comes from a different place, and
has a completely different floral origin. The elderberry honey is as
clean as mist and tastes of limes and gardens in late spring riot. The
boneset tastes like autumn pork, roasting in a pan with mint leaves,
raspberry tea, and lemon peels. The precious limited-edition buckwheat
tastes like an afternoon in an old library, all gingerbread, port,
currants, leather, tobacco, and woodsmoke.
This is the most flabbergasted I've been by a local product in five
years. Furthermore, and no kidding, I think these might be some of the
best honeys in America. Certainly they are among the most intriguing,
and each is unique.
This phenomenal accomplishment is pulled off by a married couple: Brian
and Linda Fredericksen. Brian keeps the bees and makes the honey, and
Linda does everything else, from packaging-wrangling to holding down
the day job that makes all of this possible. (If anyone ever asks you
why there are so many more interesting food producers in Europe, tell
them: health insurance.)
I went out to visit with Brian while he made honey on one rainy October
day, and saw how this remarkable Ames Farm honey is made. Here's the
quickest possible overview. Now, honeybees, for the sake of this story,
honeybees live in stacks of handmade wooden boxes. Stacks of boxes
hidden far from anywhere that man sprays pesticides or herbicides. Now,
some of the boxes in a beehive stack are filled with frames that slide
in and out, frames that look like thin drawers for storing paper but
have a beeswax screen in the middle.
The honeybees find these frames very helpful, because their great hobby
is making food for later. Once they come home from a long day of
visiting flowers (it takes about a million flower-visits to make a
half-pound of honey), make their honey, and crawl down into a frame to
put it away, they find that someone has helpfully already built the
rear wall of the six-sided cell they needed to build to store their
honey. So they finish the cell, fill it with honey, and top it off with
wax. Once a box of these frames, called a super, is filled with honey,
the bees move on to the next super. Once a super has been filled, or
partially filled, all a beekeeper has to do is take this wooden box of
frames home. There he can take one of these frames out of its box and
he will see something that looks like a hardback book coated with
yellow wax. If he scrapes off the top and bottom layers of wax, voilą!
The honey cells will be revealed, and all the honey will come dripping
out.
And that, that is all that Brian Fredericksen does. Once these booklike
frames are scraped, he puts them into a sort of wagon wheel of slots
inside a stainless steel drum and sets the wheel to spinning, and
centrifugal force spins all the honey out of the cells. Brian then
strains out any bits of wax and bottles the honey. He uses a laser
printer to add specific information about the specific honey in
question to his preprinted honey labels and then sticks the labels on
the jars. Because one of these supers, one of these boxes full of
frames, only makes 50 or 100 jars of honey, depending on how productive
the bees were, it doesn't take too long. Frankly, it's about as much
honey as you and your grandma could comfortably bottle up in a long
afternoon.
Except Brian Fredericksen does this 600 times in a season, and, as you
yourself might have noticed, there aren't 600 long afternoons in a
summer. So he stays up all night, in a little vinyl-sided honey house
beside a lake, a honey house that looks like a garage and is only about
as big as you'd need for some storage, three honey-spinners, a
microscope with which to identify pollen, a couple of boxes of
disposable spoons for tasting honey, and a computer with which to
record the correlations detected between honey, pollen (and thus,
floral source), and bee location.
Those little notations that Fredericksen added with the laser printer
are what allows you, with your bottle, to go to the Ames Farm website
and find out exactly when and where your honey was made.
For instance, my bottle of elderberry honey comes from a farm in Martin
County established in 1857; it comes from hive 857, super A. It was
harvested last July 8. The web implies that if I want to drive myself
insane, I could spend the rest of the month driving around to the
various Kowalski's and co-ops looking for hive 857's other super, super
B. I just might because I am simply mad about their super A. Why, it
has a light, almost neon pale green color, and a light, subtle
lemon-lime taste. It's clean and sunny and lilting, it's so pure and
clean it's nearly buoyant in the mouth, and it has a whimsical floral
finish, as if you've just caught a whiff of perfume from a pretty girl
leaving the garden party. Who knows--maybe super B, harvested on July
20, had an even more intense floral sense, because now I have looked at
my planner and realized it was pouring rain on July 5 and who knows
what that did to my honey? That would certainly teach me a few things
about life. (Speaking of life, the honeybees of the century farm in
Martin County were orphaned this year when the man who had been caring
for them for the last 60 years died, but Brian Fredericksen took them
into his heart, and now they do what they ever did.)
My bottle of boneset honey from Center Creek, hive 751, super
B, is dark, and it tastes of molasses and raspberry tea. It tastes
slightly meaty, like pork juices concentrated in a pan; it has a long,
long finish like a minty burnt lemon peel. It was collected on August
26 from a beehive in a cow pasture on Center Creek, not too far from
Faribault. Boneset was a widely used plant in Native American and early
American medicine; I've read that the name came along because it was
used to cure a painful sort of flu called "break-bone fever," and also
that it was thought that the way the leaves looked indicated it would
heal bones. Who knows? Either way, honey, all honey, has amazing
medical properties--it's antibacterial; anti-inflammatory; and heals
ulcers, burns, flesh wounds, and eye wounds. In Australia and New
Zealand they've spent millions of dollars studying the medical effects
of honeys made from native plants, and they now use honey made from
Australian manuka honey to cure antibiotic-resistant staph infections
and wounds. Here in America, Ames Farm might be the only place
producing boneset honey, and if it has any magical medical properties,
I certainly hope you'll write a grant proposal and save us all from our
ignorance.
Finally, there is my precious jar of limited-edition buckwheat,
from a now-lost organic farm, hive 906, super D. Most Ames Farm honeys
cost $5 for a nine-ounce jar at the farmers' market or about $8 in
stores, but twice in his life Brian Fredericksen has found honey so
astonishingly great, even by his standards, that he has called it a
limited edition and raised the price by a whole dollar. This stuff is
only available locally at France 44, and it has as many layers and as
much nuance as a fine wine: 906D tastes like mahogany and tobacco,
earth and whiskey, peat and port, a roast and a gingerbread and a long
night in front of the fire with a fascinating Russian in big boots.
This honey will never be re-created, not just because of the
ever-changing nature of sun and rain, but because the organic farm it
came from has been sold and converted to conventional, pesticide-heavy
production. I cherish this honey.
I would go on and on about Painters' Creek common tansy honey, from
hive 6, super F (light and sweet, orange blossom and thyme!) or the
Minnetrista Meadows basswood honey, from hive 307, super A (mentholated
and minty, grassy and green, like a Portuguese vinho verde, with a
eucalyptus garnish), but I think you get the idea: Fredericksen calls
them "single source" honeys, or "entities," or even, sometimes,
"portraits." However you think of them, I think you can see that they
are the land, the flowers, and the rain, as spoken by honeybees.
Part of the reason these honeys are so good is because of what
Fredericksen doesn't do: He doesn't blend the honey from one super with
another super. He doesn't boil it. He doesn't mess with it at all. It
is "raw."
The Ames Farm way is a completely opposite process of how honey is
usually made. You see, lots of commercial honey makers keep their bees
on the backs of trucks and drive them all over the country, showing up
in whichever orchard, berry patch, or citrus grove needs pollinating.
Then they take all the honey that they gather, from the almond groves,
the grapefruit trees, the strawberry patches, or what have you, and
then they dump it into one batch and boil it. This keeps it from
crystallizing, from spoiling, and from ever tasting like much. If the
honey that comes out of this dump-and-boil is pretty lightly colored,
they label it "clover" honey. If what comes out is pretty dark, it's
called "wildflower," or, increasingly these days, "basswood" honey. In
France, if you want to call something lavender honey, it has to, by
law, have evidence of lavender pollen in it. Not so here. "For me, it's
almost impossible to sell sweet clover honey," says Fredericksen,
wincing in physical pain at the insult paid to his little bees when
they labor among those humble flowers. "People look at it and say,
'I've had that, it's nothing special.'"
The reason commodity honey producers don't go to the trouble that Brian
Fredericksen does is because, well, I'll let him explain: "It's
insanity to do this the way I do it." Brian places his hives in
locations that are ideal for bees--which is to say, that are heck for
humans to get at. He has hives situated in secluded, road-free areas of
the Minnesota River Valley, on multimillionaires' private prairie, on a
chestnut-tree research farm, and in even more secret places than that.
He visits his hives constantly and tries to empty them as often as he
can in order to capture, say, the brief flowering of blue vervain, so
that it doesn't get mixed up with other honey gathered from
later-blooming flowers.
Who would level this much scrutiny and method on plain old honey?
A former research engineer, of course. Brian Fredericksen gave up his
job at 3M (he had his name on five patents) so that he could raise
apples, run with his sled dogs, and, generally, soak in as much sky and
wind as his time on earth would allow. He bought his 40 acres due west
of the Twin Cities, in that fertile, big-sky part of the state where
rolling hills of prairie tumble into bottoms of wetland and lake. He
started off in apples and added honey to the mix seven years ago.
He now has 16 different sites, spread over a good 100 square miles, and
might visit each hive every week, or every other week, to check on the
honey and the health and happiness of the bees. "Do you remember last
year's bizarre spring?" Fredericksen asked me. "It never got warm, and
the bees need temperatures in the 60s for them to get up and out--the
bees were starving." That's part of the art of beekeeping--keeping the
bees happy, understanding what's stressing them out. "That's why I'd
never park them anywhere near a feedlot," explains Fredericksen.
"They're creatures of their environment, and they need pristine,
beautiful environments to thrive."
Fittingly enough for bees that thrive in beautiful environments, the
honeys themselves are thriving in the Twin Cities' most beautiful
restaurants: The comb honey has been showing up on cheese plates in
restaurants including Vincent, Heartland, La Belle Vie, and the Corner
Table. At Levain, Chef Steven Brown uses the buckwheat honey in a
vinaigrette for an arugula salad with manchego and prosciutto crisps.
"Usually buckwheat honey is kind of strong and stanky," says Brown.
"But this is much more refined and subtle." At Cosmos, Chef Seth Bixby
Daugherty serves Ames Farm's clover honey with an artisanal Swiss-like
white cheese from Pleasant Ridge. "The single clover honeycomb is just
fantastic," says Daugherty. "Sometimes when you get honeycomb it tastes
earthy or dirty--this stuff is just so clean, it's practically white.
We love it." Of course, with anything that inspires such great passion,
there are just-as-passionate detractors. I'm thinking now of the woman
I saw at a pick-your-own apple orchard in October waving her arms
around wildly and screaming, "The bees! The bees!" The small child in
the stroller with her was soon in a screaming frenzy as well. That the
insects in question were lady bugs didn't impact them whatever.
If you think that's a poor example of an enemy to single-source
honey, keep guessing: Plenty of former farm towns to the west of us are
now overrun with suburban types with an overwhelming fear of bees, and
Fredericksen says he can't get permission to keep bees now in places he
used to, out of other people's overwhelming fear of lawsuits. "They
figure any wild yellow-jacket sting would be blamed on my honeybees,
and don't want to be in any situation where they're trying to convince
a jury otherwise," he says. "You also wouldn't believe the number of
times I've been outright insulted by suburban people at the farmers'
market--'Who are you trying to rip off?' they say, 'I could get twice
as much honey at Cub for that price.'"
Meanwhile, one of Fredericksen's favorite fields just got
seized for the expansion of Highway 212. Meanwhile, the 400 acres of
old-growth forest that was adjacent to Ames Farm is now slated to turn
into a 500-house development. Meanwhile, the multimillionaire with the
private prairie is planning to sell his land for McMansions once the
price gets high enough. Meanwhile, the Fredericksens' property taxes
have been going up $100 a month every month for the past couple of
years, and Fredericksen doubts they will be able to afford to stay in
the area. "Saying that you care about sled dogs and bees out here these
days is like saying you're a Massachusetts liberal," says Fredericksen.
"In many ways I think I'm taking these portraits for the last time."
The first, and the last time. Are we really entering an age when the
people, the politics, and the cars will be our only experience of our
world? Is this the end of the road for the wind, the rain, the sky, the
flowers, and the bees? Perhaps. But today, not only is there a here
here, but we can eat it too.
St. Paul Pioneer Press (MN)
November 14, 2004
SWEET DREAMA FORMER 3M RESEARCHER WHO LEFT THE 9-TO-5 GRIND NOW HAS A HONEY OF A CAREER.
Author: RICHARD CHIN, Pioneer Press
Edition: St. Paul
If someone asked you to describe what honey is like, you might say:
"Sweet, sticky, comes in a plastic bottle shaped like a bear." Here's how Brian Fredericksen describes honey he makes
"Very floral, delicate, sometimes minty . . . . Herbal tones,
usually an overriding cinnamon flavor. . . . Very earthy. I hate to say
barnyard, but it does kind of have that." And when he isn't
selling honey still in the comb, he puts it in a nice-looking jar with
labels identifying it as "buckwheat," "basswood" or "bird's foot
trefoil" and informing you it came from Hive 550A at Blue Earth River
or Hive 10D at Painters Creek. That's because Fredericksen,
owner of Ames Farm based in Watertown in Carver County, is one of a
very few producers in the country producing "single source" honey:
honey identified and jarred by the individual hive it came from and the
type of nectar the bees collected. It's a labor-intensive,
artisanal approach that seeks to elevate humble honey into something
approaching fine wine in its attention to detail and flavor. Most of the honey on supermarket shelves is mass produced, a homogenous blend that!
's intended to make each jar look the same and have the same mild, mainstream flavor.
But a beehive actually produces honey each season that is unique in
flavor, color and texture compared to other hives and other seasons,
Fredericksen says. Those qualities can differ dramatically depending on
what flower the bees visit, the weather during the honey production
season, even the soil conditions where the blossoms are growing. The honey from each colony is "a snapshot of that landscape, that time period," Fredericksen said.
The results are honey varieties that range from light and floral, like
a Vouvray, to something strong and bitter, like a Guinness. In between
there are exotic varieties with flavors like menthol, licorice,
marshmallow, caramel, vanilla and black currant. There are different
initial tastes and finishing tastes, variations in textures, changes in
levels of moisture content. To expose those kinds of tastes, however, Fred!
ericksen has had to do things differently from most beekeepers.
Most people trying to make a living producing honey have thousands of
bee colonies working for them. Fredericksen has only about 250.
Most honey found on the supermarket shelves is heated to aid the
production process and to extend the shelf life before crystallization
occurs. Fredericksen keeps his honey raw because he says cooking the
honey kills the flavor. Above all, Fredericksen doesn't mix
honey between hives. Once you start blending, "you take away from what
the bees have made." "In general, the reaction I get is 'This is
some of the best tasting honey I've ever had,' " Fredericksen said of
his customers. "People can taste and see the difference." But if
they plan to use it to sweeten their tea, do most consumers care that
it was made from Hive 613 on Parley Lake or that a microscopic analysis
of the pollen by a biologist Fredericksen uses shows that the bees were
buzzing around alfalfa? "It's not very productive t!
he way I do it," Fredericksen said. "It's just the sort of level of detail and care I want to put into it."
ACCIDENTAL BEEKEEPER It seems like a funny sort of obsession for an industrial engineer who became a beekeeper by accident.
Before he got into the honey racket, Fredericksen, 44, worked at 3M for
12 years. But while he toiled away doing material sciences research, he
nurtured a dream of getting into some sort of farm-related business.
The career change was hurried along by a bad boss at 3M, Fredericksen
said. "It ended in a shouting match," he said. At
first, it was going to be apples. In 1994, Fredericksen bought a 5-acre
orchard that had been owned by David Bedford, a research scientist who
breeds apples for the University of Minnesota. The land came with a
couple of beehives used to pollinate the trees. "I was scared of
them at first," Fredericksen said of the bees. He made novice
beekeeping mistakes, ending up with a lot of dead insects. But he did notice how different honey tasted when it came from t!
he hive instead of from a plastic bear. And he noticed how different the honey tasted in one hive compared to another.
When he decided there was a niche for single-source honey, he looked to
beekeepers in Europe and New Zealand for inspiration. Raw varietal
honeys are common overseas. When he started selling his product
at the Minneapolis Farmers Market, he found that some of his best
customers were Europeans, Hispanics and Asians. "All of them are more traditional honey consumers than Anglo-Saxon Americans," Fredericksen said. One of their questions: "Is it right from the hive?" That concern for purity is not totally misplaced.
Blended honey could contain honey from anywhere, including China, where
some honey has been banned from importation because it was produced
using an antibiotic forbidden in the United States. Suspicions that
some of that honey is still getting shipped here by first sending it to
a third country have ! raised dark accusations of honey laundering. Fredericksen sa
id many of his customers prefer to buy honey from him still in the comb. "They recognize that as pure. It's impossible to adulterate a piece of comb."
Other consumers like knowing that some of Fredericksen's bees are
placed in organic farm locations. Customers are able to get
descriptions of colony locations and dates when the honey was collected
and extracted on Fredericksen's Web site, www. amesfarm.com.
THE BUZZ His honey isn't cheap. The per-ounce cost is about twice what you'd pay for supermarket honey.
But "a lot of people are eating food not just to fill their belly. They
want to know where did it come from? Who made it?" Fredericksen said.
"You know the buzz with local. It's hot. People want local products."
Fredericksen's honey can be found on grocery shelves in the Twin
Cities. About two-thirds of his honey is purchased at local Kowalski's,
Whole Foods stores and a variety of Twin Cities co-ops, natural food
and specialty food stores. The rest is sold at the farmers market.
Fredericksen has been a full-time honey-maker since September 2001. He
doesn't want to get in the shipping business, so all he produces --
more than 15,000 pounds a year -- is sold around here. "Every
batch is unique," he said. But some varieties are extremely limited,
the result of an unusual combination of weather conditions and rare p!
lant growth and having a colony of bees ready and nearby at the right
moment able to take advantage of the nectar.
A wetlands restoration project once resulted in some blue vervain
honey. But the plant got edged out of the area the next year. "That was in 2001. We haven't seen it since," Fredericksen said.
His rare boneset honey will never make it to the grocery store. "I
might have 50 jars of this," he said. He keeps it under the counter at
the farmers market and sells it to his most discerning customers.
"People have picked up that some of the best basswood is from Painters
Creek," he said. "Buckwheat is very popular. It's very hard to find."
In the future, Fredericksen hopes to push the envelope of U.S. honey
production by creating some chestnut honey, a rarefied variety that
typically has to be imported from Italy. In the "Zingerman's Guide to
Good Eating," Ari Weinzweig describes chestnut honey as "deep, dark,
mysteriou! s, brown" with "a slightly bitter, sensually smoky flavor."
Fredericksen also wants to try to produce some fireweed honey on some
property near Hovland. Fireweed honey, known as the "champagne of
honeys," is normally found only in the Pacific Northwest. It's
difficult to produce in cold regions. Fredericksen said he'll have to
install some solar-powered electric fences to keep predators away from
the hives. "I'm looking for more distinctive, interesting honey," he said. "I'm looking for whatever I haven't found."
For more information, including a list of stores where you can buy Ames Farm honey, see www.amesfarm.com.
After the alarm, just a healthy buzz. Minnesota's Beekeepers this summer saw no signs of new threat dubbed Colony Collapse Disorder that plagued apiaries elsewhere in the U.S. and sparked fears of a massive honeybee die-off.
TOM WEBB St. Paul Pioneer Press (MN) - October 3, 2007 - A1 Main
When last we heard from honeybees, the buzz was bad. A new ailment had emerged over the winter, causing bee colonies to mysteriously flee, and fueling scary stories about the vanishing honeybee -- and the threat to crops that depend on bees for pollination. But Minnesota's honeybees are still here. In fact, most honeybees thrived this summer, state beekeepers report. Minnesota's crops were richly pollinated. Apples, berries and pumpkins are abundant. There's even plenty of honey here in America's No. 5 honey-producing state. To be sure, Colony Collapse Disorder remains a real worry. But for now, state bee experts can't identify a confirmed case of it here this summer. "A lot of beekeepers lose colonies, but it could be a lot of things ... but the Colony Collapse specifically, I have not heard at all, no," said Katie Klett, a University of Minnesota bee specialist. "Drought was the biggest problem I heard about this year." Dan Pasche is the state apiary inspector for the Minnesota Department of Agriculture. If the syndrome were spreading through Minnesota this summer, he'd probably have seen it. "I'm not aware of any this summer," he said. "There was at least one beekeeper who talked about some losses last year in his bees ... but they appear to have recovered pretty well over the summer." Beekeeping is usually the quietest of ventures, and most Minnesotans probably don't realize the state ranks among the bee queens. Here are backyard hobbyists, huge commercial honeybee operations that truck bees nationwide, and everything in between. Despite the drought, many report good years. "I got 80 pounds of honey this year, which is as much as I've ever gotten in the past," said Kris Miller, a Washington County beekeeper. Among her colleagues, "a lot of people actually had a pretty good honey harvest," she said. David Ellingson, an Ortonville beekeeper and past president of the Minnesota Honey Producers, told Congress this spring about losing 65 percent of his bees while wintering in Texas. Now back in Minnesota, he's still having problems among his 3,400 hives. "We did see probably 20 percent of our colonies go from excellent to poor, at the end of June and into July," Ellingson said. "Some of them have rebounded, and others have gone away." Losing bee colonies is one of the gloomy facts of life for beekeepers, and over the years, bee losses have been worsening. Bee mites, viruses and pesticides have taken a toll. "Twenty-five years ago, if you lost 5 to 7 percent of your bees (during the winter), that would be normal," Ellingson said. "But today, we look at normal as being 20 percent." But what alarmed folks last winter were reports of spotty but enormous losses, in a pattern not seen before: eggs were laid, the queen bees remained, but the thousands of adult bees had simply vanished. Dubbed Colony Collapse Disorder, it surfaced most often in the South and on the coasts. Nobody knew the cause, but lots of theories were floated. The catchiest: Cell phones were somehow to blame. "We know it's not cell phones," said Klett, who added that, "in the scientific community, that was never a possibility." But it did grab lots of media attention. Honeybees play a crucial role in the U.S. food system, pollinating crops from alfalfa to zucchini. Based on U.S. Department of Agriculture data, there's no evidence of a falloff in crop production in Minnesota this summer. The crop of apples, which depends on honeybees, actually increased this year. Since last spring, scientists have identified an imported virus that appears linked to collapsed colonies. They're also examining a long list of other suspects, including a class of insecticides and an array of bee diseases. Beekeeping practices are coming under scrutiny, too. "We've got a 50-piece puzzle here, and we've only got 10 pieces that we know are going on," Ellingson said. "There's too many unknowns." Klett, whose family runs a North Dakota farm breeding queen bees, said it suffered big losses in 2006. Yet 2007 was "the best year we've ever had," she said, with production "through the roof." So it's a riddle and a concern. Winter will test the state's honeybees again. But thus far, they're hanging tough. "What's great is that I'm getting a lot of questions from the general public that I'd never gotten before," said Miller, the Washington County beekeeper who also is president of the Minnesota Hobby Beekeepers Association. "It's nice to see people concerned about a bee -- whereas before, they'd just kill it. So I like that part." Tom Webb can be reached at twebb@pioneerpress.com or 651-228-5428.
3 PHOTOS: BY JEAN PIERI, PIONEER PRESS University of Minnesota bee specialist Katie Klett looks for queen bees and assesses a colony's strength last week at the apiary on the St. Paul campus. Klett and other bee experts said they've heard of no cases in Minnesota of an ailment that caused thousands of bees to vanish elsewhere in the U.S. University of Minnesota bee specialist Katie Klett, whose family runs a North Dakota farm breeding queen bees, said 2007 was "the best year we've ever had," with production "through the roof."
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